البروتوكول الإضافي للاتفاقية الأمريكية لحقوق الإنسان في مجال الحقوق الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية لعام 1999م. 8. الميثاق الأمريكي لحقوق الإنسان(الاتفاقية الأمريكية لحقوق الإنسان المبرمة في سان خوسية بتاريخ 2/11/1969م)الذي أعد في إطار منظمة الدول الأمريكية. يبدو من قراءة نصوص المواثيق والنصوص الدولية المشار إليها آنفا إن القانون الدولي يؤكد على حماية حرية التعبير، ويطالب المجتمع الدولي ممثلا في أشخاصه من الدول والمنظمات الدولية العالمية والإقليمية، باحترام حرية الرأي والتعبير. إن عمليات القتل التي ارتكبت ضد المتظاهرين في الحويجة تعتبر جرائم قتل عمديه طبقا لقانون العقوبات العراقي لسنة 1969، كما أنها تشكل جرائم إبادة جماعية وجرائم ضد الإنسانية في القانون الدولي طبقا لنص المادتين السادسة والسابعة من النظام الأساسي للمحكمة الجنائية الدولية المشار إليها في أعلاه، ويمكن محاكمة المالكي وحكومته بموجبها أمام القضاء الجنائي العراقي والقضاء الدولي ،إذا رفض القضاء العراقي القيام بمحاكمة مرتكبي الجرائم ضد الإنسانية وجرائم الإبادة ، ويمكن محاكمته أمام محكمة جنائية دولية تشكل عن طريق جامعة الدول العربية ، أو عن طريق مجلس الأمن كما حدث في يوغوسلافيا ورواندا عامي 1993/1994م، كما يمكن محاكمته عن طريق المحكمة الجنائية الدولية بقرار يصدر عن طريق مجلس الأمن وفقا للإجراءات المحددة في النظام الأساسي للمحكمة الجنائية الدولية، علما أن الحصانة التي يتمتع بها الحكام الذين يرتكبون هذه الجرائم لا تقف حائلا دون محاكمتهم أمام القضاء الدولي. إن التعرض للمواطنين المطالبين بحقوقهم المشروعة في الحويجة أو أي مكان آخر من ساحات التظاهر بالقوة والسلاح من أية جهة كانت رسمية أو غير رسمية محرم شرعاً وقانونا، وإن قمع وقتل المتظاهرين تعد جريمة محرمة ومخالفة واضحة لما هو مقرر في الدستور والمواثيق الدولية. إن جموع الشعب العراقي المحتشدة سلميا في ساحات التظاهر تطالب المجتمع الدولي والجهات الأخرى ذات العلاقة إدانة الأعمال وجرائم الإبادة الجماعية والجرائم ضد الإنسانية التي قامت بها سلطات حكومة المالكي من أجهزة الشرطة والجيش في الحويجة وفي ساحات التظاهر الأخرى والدعوة إلى إيقاف المجازر بحق الإنسان في العراق. تنتهز جموع الشعب العراقي المحتشدة سلميا في ساحات الاعتصام، وهي بانتظار الاستجابة لمطالبها المشروعة، هذه الفرصة للإعراب عن شكرها وتقديرها. جموع الشعب العراقي المحتشدة سلميا في ساحات الاعتصام In the name of God the Merciful His Excellencies Heads of State H.E. Secretary-General of the United Nations H.E. President of the UN Security Council H.E. Secretary-General of the League of Arab States H.E. Secretary-General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference and solidarity H.E. President of the European Group H.E. Secretary General of the Organization of African Unity H.E. Ambassadors of the five permanent members of the Security Council H.E. Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council H.E. UN Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights in Iraq H.E. Organization of the Non-Aligned Movement Civil society organizations Human rights organizations Amnesty International Gentlemen the Arab and Foreign activists at legal and political affaires Iraqi people masses Latter No. 4 Iraqi People masses present its compliments to all above His Excellency referring to its previous letters and honor to mention the following: The freedom of opinion and expression is protected under the national constitutions and the rules of general international law, especially the rules relating to human rights. These rules are peremptory rules that may not be diminished or agreed to violate, or void. Basing on that the blockade demonstrators and suppressed by force is one of the international crimes and form the suppression of crimes against humanity and crimes of genocide and war crimes. These crimes should been seen by the trial. That crimes consider as of willful killing according to national penal codes. Article VI of the Statute of the International Criminal Court defines the crime of genocide as follows: For the purpose of this Statute, "genocide" means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: (a) Killing members of the group; (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; Article VII, para.1 includes the definition of crimes against humanity which provides (( 1. For the purpose of this Statute, "crime against humanity" means any of the following acts when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack: (a) Murder; (b) Extermination;)). Also, there are many texts that support the freedom of thought, opinion and expression in many of the documents, declarations and international conventions, namely: 1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations in 1948. 2. The International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights issued by the United Nations in 1966. 3. Convention on Civil and Political Rights of the United Nations in 1966. 4. Optional Protocol to the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights Act of 1966. 5. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or cruel, inhuman or degrading issued by the United Nations. 6. And the Declaration on the Rights of the Child by the United Nations in 1959. It charters and regional declarations and conventions follows: 1. Arab Charter on Human Rights, which was prepared in the framework of the League of Arab States for the year 1945. 2. Charter in 1997. 3. African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.
4. European Convention on Human Rights (the
Convention on the protection of human rights within the scope of the Council of
Europe issued in Rome on the fourth of November in 1950.
5. Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European
Union.
6. American Declaration of the Rights and Duties
of Man in 1948.
7. Additional Protocol to the American Convention
on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1999.
8. American Convention on Human Rights (the
American Convention on Human Rights concluded in San Jose, dated 11/02/1969),
which was prepared in the framework of the Organization of American States.
It seems from the reading of the above referred
texts of international conventions that international law rules protect the
freedom of expression, and called on the international community representative
and their subjects, the countries and international and regional organizations,
to respect freedom of opinion and expression.
The killings committed against demonstrators in
Hawija considered intentional murder, according to the Iraqi Penal Code of 1969,
as they constitute crimes of genocide and crimes against humanity in
international law, according to a texts of Articles VI and VII of the Statute of
the International Criminal Court. It can be submitted (Maliki) the prime
Minister and his government to the trial in front of the Iraqi criminal courts
and to international courts, if the Iraqi courts refused to prosecute
perpetrators of crimes against humanity and crimes of genocide. It can be
submitted also before an international criminal court by the League of Arab
States, or by the Security Council, as happened in the former Yugoslavia and
Rwanda courts of 1993/1994. It can be submitted too before an International
Criminal Court by a decision of the Security Council in accordance with the
procedures specified in the Statute of the International Criminal Court, noting
that the immunity enjoyed by the rulers who commit these crimes do not stand a
barrier trial before international courts.
The exposure of citizens demanding their
legitimate rights in Hawija, or anywhere else in the squares of demonstrate by
force and weapons from any way, official or unofficial, is legally forbidden.
The killing and repression of demonstrators is a crime prohibited and clearly
violate to the Iraqi Constitution and international covenants.
The Iraqi people massed peacefully in the streets
of demonstrations call for the international community and other parties related
to condemn the acts and crimes of genocide and crimes against humanity carried
out by the authorities of the Maliki government , the police and the army, in
Hawija or other areas calling them to stop the massacres against the rights in
Iraq.
The
Iraqi People massed peacefully waiting for
the answer to their demands, take this opportunity to express their
respect great and deep appreciation.
Iraqi People masses
